《上海宣言》《促进南南和三方水产养殖可持续发展合作的倡议》共同呼吁全球水产养殖业
发表时间:2021/10/01 14:03:07 来源:农业农村部 浏览次数:1761
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9月22日~24日，由中国农业农村部、联合国粮农组织和亚太区域水产养殖中心网共同主办的第四届全球水产养殖大会在上海市召开，会上来自全球120个国家，2000多位代表，通过线上、线下的方式，对《上海宣言》的内容进行了充分讨论。大会一致同意通过《上海宣言》，近期将由联合国粮农组织用英语、法语、汉语、俄语、西班牙语、阿拉伯语等6种语言同步在全球发布。
《上海宣言》由联合国粮农组织起草，分为序言、愿景和承诺、战略重点、行动计划等四部分，其中包括5个方面承诺，分别是促进负责任水产养殖发展、促进良好治理和增强伙伴关系、分享知识和技术、加强水产养殖创新和科研投入、搭建可持续水产养殖的公共交流平台；10项战略重点内容，分别为提高水产养殖对可持续粮食系统的贡献、推动水产养殖与其他行业和部门协同发展、增加生态系统服务功能、改善生物多样性和降低碳足迹、促进体面工作、两性平等、青年参与、土著人参与、响应全球性问题、加强数据分析和监测。
作为大会重要成果文件，《上海宣言》全面响应联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》提出的消除饥饿、实现粮食安全、改善营养状况和促进可持续农业等可持续发展目标，系统回答了“水产养殖如何为可持续发展目标作出贡献，水产养殖在未来10年走向如何，我们如何才能做到水产养殖可持续发展”等关键性问题，对促进全球水产养殖可持续发展具有重要意义。
9月24日，由中国农业农村部主办的促进可持续水产养殖发展的南南和三方合作高端圆桌会议同期在上海市召开。会议期间，中方发起《促进南南和三方水产养殖可持续发展合作的倡议》。与会各方对《倡议》积极响应、广泛支持，联合国粮农组织对会议成功举办给予高度评价。
《倡议》中文版、英文版全文如下。
中文版：
促进南南和三方水产养殖可持续发展合作的倡议
中华人民共和国农业农村部于2021年9月24日在中国上海举行南南和三方合作高端圆桌会议，旨在通过各方交流合作促进水产养殖可持续发展，响应联合国粮农组织“手拉手”倡议，为联合国2030可持续发展目标的如期实现做出贡献。
忆及，1995年联合国粮农组织通过《负责任渔业行为守则》、2015年9月25日联合国通过《2030年可持续发展议程》以及2021年联合国粮农组织通过《2021年渔业委员会可持续渔业和水产养殖宣言》的重要作用，上述文书指导我们推动水产养殖可持续发展。
认识到，作为重要的产业部门，水产养殖不仅在各级粮食安全、营养战略中扮演中坚角色，还在社会和经济发展、性别平等、就业和可持续的生物多样性利用中发挥着重要作用。2019年全球鱼产品总产量1.78亿吨，其中水产养殖产量8530万吨，其超过50%直接供人类消费。促进水产养殖的可持续发展，有助于消除全球贫穷和饥饿、提供优质蛋白和微量营养素、推动粮食体系转型、鼓励小规模水产养殖发展、助力实现碳中和与循环经济。
注意到，全球气候变化、新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）疫情成为全球社会共同面临的挑战，对于全球水产养殖业的可持续发展造成了严重影响。当前，全球水产养殖发展还存在区域不平衡、食物供给不充分的问题。
认识到，南南和三方合作，是基于平等、团结、互信的有效援助机制，有助于推动互利共赢，对于促进水产养殖绿色健康发展，改善水产养殖基础设施，提高从业者技术水平，增加科技对水产养殖发展的贡献，升级水产品加工流通体系，缩小不同国家水产养殖差距具有重要作用，必将对促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡、包容增长发挥重要影响。
为此，我们倡议：
一、支持绿色低碳、循环、环境友好的发展理念，统筹水产养殖发展过程中经济发展和社会、环境保护建设的关系，支持因地制宜、分类施策，探索以绿色发展为导向的高质量发展。我们支持推动国际社会加强水产养殖科技创新，降低水产养殖科技应用成本，强化水生生物多样性保护，可持续利用优良水产种质资源。开展水生生物遗传资源共享、互惠，包括遗传育种、养殖技术、营养饲料、疾病防治、生物安全、数字创新和人工智能等新技术新方法研究和开发，为水产养殖可持续发展提供有力的科技支撑。
二、鼓励水产养殖技术先进国家和利益相关者通过南南与三方合作，向广大发展中国家和地区提供技术支持。鼓励各利益相关方充分利用联合国粮农组织南南合作机制和“手拉手”倡议，共建联盟以及人才培养和联合研究平台，构建水产养殖技术转移和资源共享平台，推广池塘生态养殖、稻渔综合种养、循环水养殖、盐碱水渔农综合利用、多营养层次综合养殖等生态增养殖模式的创新解决方案，推进现代水产示范园区建设，促进水产养殖可持续发展、养殖空间规划、湖泊和水库环境承载力管理、水产养殖治理最佳实践分享，努力实现联合国2030年可持续发展议程的目标。
三、建议在南南和三方合作的基础上，充分发挥每个援助国的比较优势，加强区域性水产养殖人才培养和能力建设的合作，推动利益相关方共享知识与经验。通过南南和三方合作，促进区域和次区域层面的联合行动，确保多国开展水产养殖可持续管理，共享水产养殖资源。共同推动后疫情时期区域和全球水产养殖生产、加工、贸易环节的转型升级和国际合作。努力构建稳健的全球水产养殖产业链，提升全球水产养殖人才培养能力，推进建立水产品检验检疫标准和追溯制度国际互认。
四、呼吁国际社会积极行动起来，鼓励和支持青年和妇女创业就业，在通过水产养殖减缓贫穷与饥饿的同时，有效创造就业、实现性别平等，保障传统渔民的生计；建立可持续投资和风险管理体系，制定公私合营伙伴计划，增强全球水产养殖发展在面临气候变化、极端天气和自然灾害等影响时的抵御力，推动灾后、疫后水产养殖可持续发展与经济复苏。
我们倡议，团结合作、机遇共享、共同发展，推进水产养殖各领域务实合作，共同促进全球水产养殖可持续发展，为保障全球粮食安全、增进人民福祉、推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。
英文版：
NITIATIVE ON PROMOTING THE SOUTH-SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People’s Republic of China held a high-level roundtable meeting on South-South and Triangular Cooperation in Shanghai, China on September 24, 2021, to promote the sustainable development of aquaculture, among others through exchanges and mutual cooperation, and "Hand-in-Hand" Initiative of FAO, and as a contribution to achieving the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
Recall the importance of The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries adopted by FAO in 1995, The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development issued by the United Nations on September 25, 2015, and The 2021 COFI Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture endorsed by FAO in 2021, to guide our efforts towards sustainable aquaculture development.
Recognize that aquaculture is a key industry not only for its contribution to food security and nutrition strategies at all levels, but also its contributions to social progress, economic development, gender equality, employment, and sustainable biodiversity use. In 2019, the total global output of fish products reached 178 million tons, of which aquaculture contributed 85.3 million tons, and over 50% of all fish directed for human consumption. Promoting the sustainable development of aquaculture helps eliminate global poverty and hunger, provides high-quality protein and micronutrients, facilitates the transformation of food systems, encourages the development of small-scale households, and has great potential to contribute to carbon neutrality and circular economy objectives.
Notice that global climate change and the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have become common challenges faced by the international community, imposing a serious impact on the sustainable development of the global aquaculture industry. Meanwhile, the current development of aquaculture worldwide is still geographically unbalanced and is insufficient to meet food demands.
Recognize that South-South and Triangular Cooperation is an effective assistance mechanism based on equality, solidarity and mutual trust. It delivers mutual benefits, which can be significant for promoting and scaling up the healthy development of aquaculture. Such mechanism could improve infrastructure, upskill technical workforces, increase the development of technological solutions, and help upgrade processing and distribution systems, while narrowing the production gap between countries. This would exert a significant impact in promoting a strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth of the world economy.
Consequently, we propose:
1. Support the development of low-carbon, circular and environment-friendly aquaculture. We need to balance the relationship between economic development and social and environmental protection in the development of aquaculture, taking measures tailored to local conditions, and explore high-quality development guided by low developmental footprints. We support the international community to further strengthen scientific and technological innovation in aquaculture, the development of aquaculture technology by low cost, and improve the conservation and sustainable use of aquatic biodiversity. This requires mutual access and benefit sharing of aquatic genetic resources, including research and development (R&D) on new technologies and methods such as genetic breeding, aquaculture technology, aquaculture feed production, feed ingredients, disease prevention, treatment and biosecurity control, digital innovation, and artificial intelligence, so as to provide a strong scientific and technological assistance for sustainable aquaculture development.
2. Encourage countries and stakeholders with advanced aquaculture technologies to offer technical support to developing countries and regions through South-South and Triangular Cooperation, making full use of FAO’s South-South Cooperation mechanism and the “Hand-in-Hand” Initiative to jointly build alliances, capacity development and joint research, technology transfer and resource sharing platforms, and promote innovative solutions such as pond farming, integrated rice and fish farming, recirculating systems, saline and alkaline lands integrated agro-aquaculture system, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, and other nature-based aquaculture models, boosting modern aquaculture demonstration parks, accelerating the sustainable development of aquaculture, marine spatial planning, lake/reservoir carrying capacity management, sharing best practices in aquaculture governance, and thus achieve the goals of The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
3. Propose that, on the basis of South-South and Triangular Cooperation, the comparative advantages of each provider country should be fully leveraged to enhance regional cooperation on aquaculture talent training and capacity building, and promote the sharing of knowledge and experience among stakeholders. Collective actions at regional and sub-regional level should be fostered through South-South and Triangular Cooperation to ensure a sustainable management and use of aquaculture resources that are jointly shared by multiple countries. Joint efforts should be made to promote the transformation and upgrading as well as international cooperation of regional and global aquaculture production, processing and trade in the post-pandemic period. Furthermore, efforts should be made to build robust global aquaculture industry chains, enhance global aquaculture talent training capabilities, and gear up the establishment of international mutual recognition of aquatic product inspection and quarantine standards and traceability systems.
4. Call on the international community to take active actions, encourage and support youth’s and women’s entrepreneurship and employment initiatives, achieve gender equality and safeguard the livelihood of traditional aquatic farmers while reducing poverty and hunger through aquaculture. We call on countries across the globe to establish sustainable investment and risk management systems and formulate public-private partnership programmes to enhance the resilience of global aquaculture development in the face of climate change, extreme weather and natural disasters, and to promote the sustainable development and economic recovery of aquaculture in the post-disaster and post-pandemic periods.
We call for stronger solidarity, shared opportunities, and closer practical cooperation in various fields of aquaculture, so as to jointly promote the sustainable development of global aquaculture, and make greater contribution to ensuring global food security, improving people’s well-being, and building a community with a shared future for mankind.
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